Country name:
conventional long form:
State of Eritrea
conventional short form:
Eritrea
local long form:
Hagere Ertra
local short form:
Ertra
former:
Eritrea Autonomous Region in Ethiopia
Data code:
ER
Government type:
transitional government
note:
following a successful referendum on independence for the Autonomous Region
of Eritrea on 23-25 April 1993, a National Assembly, composed entirely of
the People's Front for Democracy and Justice or PFDJ, was established as a
transitional legislature; a Constitutional Commission was also established
to draft a constitution; ISAIAS Afworki was elected president by the
transitional legislature
Capital:
Asmara (formerly Asmera)
Administrative divisions:
8 provinces (singularawraja); Akale Guzay, Barka, Denkel, Hamasen,
Sahil, Semhar, Senhit, Seraye
note:
in May 1995 the National Assembly adopted a resolution stating that the
administrative structure of Eritrea, which had been established by former
colonial powers, would consist of only six provinces when the new
constitution, then being drafted, became effective in 1997; the new
provinces, the names of which had not been recommended by the US Board on
Geographic Names for recognition by the US Government, pending acceptable
definition of the boundaries, were: Anseba, Debub, Debubawi Keyih Bahri,
Gash-Barka, Maakel, and Semanawi Keyih Bahri; more recently, it has been
reported that these provinces have been redesignated regions and renamed
Southern Red Sea, Northern Red Sea, Anseba, Gash-Barka, Southern, and
Central
Independence:
24 May 1993 (from Ethiopia; formerly the Eritrea Autonomous Region)
National holiday:
National Day (independence from Ethiopia), 24 May (1993)
Constitution:
the transitional constitution, decreed on 19 May 1993, was replaced by a
new constitution that was promulgated in May 1997
Legal system:
NA
Suffrage:
NA; noteit seems likely that the final version of the constitution would
follow the example set in the referendum of 1993 and extend suffrage to all
persons 18 years of age or older
Executive branch:
chief of state:
President ISAIAS Afworki (since 8 June 1993); notethe president is both
the chief of state and head of government
head of government:
President ISAIAS Afworki (since 8 June 1993); notethe president is both
the chief of state and head of government
cabinet:
State Council is the collective executive authority
note:
the president is head of the State Council and National Assembly
elections:
president elected by the National Assembly; election last held 8 June 1993
(next to be held NA)
election results:
ISAIAS Afworki elected president; percent of National Assembly voteISAIAS Afworki 95%
Legislative branch:
unicameral National Assembly (150 seats; term limits not established)
elections:
in May 1997, following the adoption of the new constitution, 75 members of
the PFDJ Central Committee (the old Central Committee of the EPLF), 60
members of the 527-member Constituent Assembly which had been established
in 1997 to discuss and ratify the new constitution, and 15 representatives
of Eritreans living abroad were formed into a Transitional National
Assembly to serve as the country's legislative body until country-wide
elections to a National Assembly are held; only 75 members will be elected
to the National Assemblythe other 75 will be members of the Central
Committee of the PFDJ
Judicial branch:
the Supreme Court; 10 provincial courts; 29 district courts
Political parties and leaders:
People's Front for Democracy and Justice or PFDJ, the only party recognized
by the government [ISAIAS Afworki, PETROS Solomon]
Political pressure groups and leaders:
Eritrean Islamic Jihad or EIJ; Eritrean Liberation Front or ELF [ABDULLAH
Muhammed]; Eritrean Liberation Front-United Organization or ELF-UO
[Mohammed Said NAWUD]; Eritrean Liberation Front-Revolutionary Council or
ELF-RC [Ahmed NASSER]
International organization participation:
ACP, AfDB, CCC, ECA, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IGAD,
ILO, IMF, IMO, Intelsat (nonsignatory user), ITU, NAM, OAU, UN, UNCTAD,
UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO
Diplomatic representation in the US:
chief of mission:
Ambassador SEMERE Russom
chancery:
1708 New Hampshire Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20009
telephone:
[1] (202) 319-1991
FAX:
[1] (202) 319-1304
Diplomatic representation from the US:
chief of mission:
Ambassador William CLARK
embassy:
Franklin D. Roosevelt Street, Asmara
mailing address:
P.O. Box 211, Asmara
telephone:
[291] (1) 120004
FAX:
[291] (1) 127584
Flag description:
red isosceles triangle (based on the hoist side) dividing the flag into two
right triangles; the upper triangle is green, the lower one is blue; a gold
wreath encircling a gold olive branch is centered on the hoist side of the
red triangle