Economía - descripción: The Peruvian economy has become increasingly market-oriented, with major privatizations completed since 1990 in the mining, electricity, and telecommunications industries. Thanks to strong foreign investment and the cooperation between the FUJIMORI government and the IMF and World Bank, growth was strong in 1994-97 and inflation was brought under control. In 1998, El Nino's impact on agriculture, the financial crisis in Asia, and instability in Brazilian markets undercut growth. And 1999 was another lean year for Peru, with the aftermath of El Nino and the Asian financial crisis working its way through the economy. Lima did manage to complete negotiations for an Extended Fund Facility with the IMF in June 1999, although it subsequently had to renegotiate the targets. Pressure on spending is growing in the run-up to the 2000 elections. Nevertheless, improved commodity prices and the recovery of the fishing sector should help drive GDP growth above the 5% mark in 2000.

Producto Bruto Interno (PBI): purchasing power parity - $116 billion (1999 est.)

PBI - Indice de Incremento real: 2.4% (1999 est.)

PBI - por capital: purchasing power parity - $4,400 (1999 est.)

PBI - Composición por Sector:
agriculture: 13%
industry: 42%
services: 45% (1998)

Población bajo linea de pobertad: 54% (1991 est.)

Ingreso en casa o porcentage de consumción:
lowest 10%: 1.9%
highest 10%: 34.3% (1994)

Indice de Inflación (precios del consumidor): 5.5% (1999 est.)

Fuerza Laboral: 7.6 million (1996 est.)

Fuerza Laboral - por ocupación: agriculture, mining and quarrying, manufacturing, construction, transport, services

Indice de desempleo: 7.7%; extensive underemployment (1997)

Presupuesto:
revenues: $8.5 billion
expenditures: $9.3 billion, including capital expenditures of $2 billion (1996 est.)

Industrias: mining of metals, petroleum, fishing, textiles, clothing, food processing, cement, auto assembly, steel, shipbuilding, metal fabrication

Industrial production growth rate: 1.2% (1996)

Electricidad - Producción: 18.28 billion kWh (1998)

Electricidad - producción por fuente:
fossil fuel: 24.53%
hydro: 74.79%
nuclear: 0%
other: 0.68% (1998)

Electricidad - consumción: 17.002 billion kWh (1998)

Electricidad - exportaciones: 0 kWh (1998)

Electricidad - importaciones: 2 million kWh (1998)

Agricultura - productos: coffee, cotton, sugarcane, rice, wheat, potatoes, plantains, coca; poultry, beef, dairy products, wool; fish

Exportaciones: $5.9 billion (f.o.b., 1999 est.)

Exporationes - comodidades: fish and fish products, copper, zinc, gold, crude petroleum and byproducts, lead, coffee, sugar, cotton

Exportaciones - socios: US 25%, China 8%, Japan 7%, Switzerland, Germany, UK, Brazil (1997)

Importaciones: $8.4 billion (c.i.f., 1999 est.)

Importaciones - comodidades: machinery, transport equipment, foodstuffs, petroleum, iron and steel, chemicals, pharmaceuticals

Importaciones - socios: US 19%, Colombia 6%, Venezuela 5%, Chile 4%, Brazil 4% (1997)

Deuda - externa: $31 billion (1998 est.)

Ayuda economica - recipiente: $895.1 million (1995)

Moneda: 1 nuevo sol (S/.) = 100 centimos

Indice de intercambio: nuevo sol (S/.) per US$1 - 3.500 (January 2000), 3.383 (1999), 2.930 (1998), 2.664 (1997), 2.453 (1996), 2.253 (1995)

Año Fiscal: calendar year