Economía - descripción: Iraq's economy is dominated by the oil sector, which has traditionally provided about 95% of foreign exchange earnings. In the 1980s, financial problems caused by massive expenditures in the eight-year war with Iran and damage to oil export facilities by Iran led the government to implement austerity measures, borrow heavily, and later reschedule foreign debt payments; Iraq suffered economic losses of at least $100 billion from the war. After the end of hostilities in 1988, oil exports gradually increased with the construction of new pipelines and restoration of damaged facilities. Iraq's seizure of Kuwait in August 1990, subsequent international economic sanctions, and damage from military action by an international coalition beginning in January 1991 drastically reduced economic activity. The government's policies of supporting large military and internal security forces and of allocating resources to key supporters of the regime have exacerbated shortages. The implementation of the UN's oil-for-food program in December 1996 has helped improve economic conditions. For the first six six-month phases of the program, Iraq was allowed to export limited amounts of oil in exchange for food, medicine, and other humanitarian goods. In December 1999, the UN Security Council authorized Iraq to export under the oil-for-food program as much oil as required to meet humanitarian needs. Oil exports are now about three-quarters their prewar level. Per capita food imports have increased significantly, while medical supplies and health care services are steadily improving. Per capita output and living standards are still well below the prewar level, but any estimates have a wide range of error.

Producto Bruto Interno (PBI): purchasing power parity - $59.9 billion (1999 est.)

PBI - Indice de Incremento real: 13% (1999 est.)

PBI - por capital: purchasing power parity - $2,700 (1999 est.)

PBI - Composición por Sector:
agriculture: 6%
industry: 13%
services: 81% (1993 est.)

Población bajo linea de pobertad: NA%

Ingreso en casa o porcentage de consumción:
lowest 10%: NA%
highest 10%: NA%

Indice de Inflación (precios del consumidor): 135% (1999 est.)

Fuerza Laboral: 4.4 million (1989)

Fuerza Laboral - por ocupación: agriculture NA%, industry NA%, services NA%

Indice de desempleo: NA%

Presupuesto:
revenues: $NA
expenditures: $NA, including capital expenditures of $NA

Industrias: petroleum, chemicals, textiles, construction materials, food processing

Industrial production growth rate: NA%

Electricidad - Producción: 28.4 billion kWh (1998)

Electricidad - producción por fuente:
fossil fuel: 97.89%
hydro: 2.11%
nuclear: 0%
other: 0% (1998)

Electricidad - consumción: 26.412 billion kWh (1998)

Electricidad - exportaciones: 0 kWh (1998)

Electricidad - importaciones: 0 kWh (1998)

Agricultura - productos: wheat, barley, rice, vegetables, dates, cotton; cattle, sheep

Exportaciones: $12.7 billion (1999 est.)

Exporationes - comodidades: crude oil

Exportaciones - socios: Russia, France, China (1999)

Importaciones: $8.9 billion (1999 est.)

Importaciones - comodidades: food, medicine, manufactures

Importaciones - socios: Russia, France, Egypt, Vietnam (1999)

Deuda - externa: $130 billion (1999 est.)

Ayuda economica - recipiente: $327.5 million (1995)

Moneda: 1 Iraqi dinar (ID) = 1,000 fils

Indice de intercambio: Iraqi dinars (ID) per US$1 - 0.3109 (fixed official rate since 1982); black market rate - Iraqi dinars (ID) per US$1 - 1,900 (December 1999), 1,815 (December 1998), 1,530 (December 1997), 3,000 (December 1995); subject to wide fluctuations

Año Fiscal: calendar year