Railways:
total:
40,826 km including at least 14,253 km electrified and 14,768 km double- or multiple-tracked (1998)
note:
since privatization in 1994, Deutsche Bahn AG (DBAG) no longer publishes details of the tracks it owns; in addition to the DBAG system there are 102 privately owned railway companies which own an approximate 3,000 km to 4,000 km of the total tracks
Highways:
total:
656,140 km
paved:
650,891 km (including 11,400 km of expressways)
unpaved:
5,249 km (all-weather) (1998 est.)
Waterways:
7,500 km (1999); major rivers include the Rhine and Elbe; Kiel Canal is an important connection between the Baltic Sea and North Sea
Pipelines:
crude oil 2,500 km (1998)
Ports and harbors:
Berlin, Bonn, Brake, Bremen, Bremerhaven, Cologne, Dresden, Duisburg, Emden, Hamburg, Karlsruhe, Kiel, Lubeck, Magdeburg, Mannheim, Rostock, Stuttgart
Merchant marine:
total:
475 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 6,395,990 GRT/8,014,132 DWT
ships by type:
bulk 2, cargo 181, chemical tanker 12, container 239, liquified gas 2, multi-functional large load carrier 5, passenger 2, petroleum tanker 8, rail car carrier 2, refrigerated cargo 2, roll-on/roll-off 13, short-sea passenger 7 (1999 est.)
Airports:
615 (1999 est.)
Airports - with paved runways:
total:
320
over 3,047 m:
14
2,438 to 3,047 m:
61
1,524 to 2,437 m:
67
914 to 1,523 m:
56
under 914 m:
122 (1999 est.)
Airports - with unpaved runways:
total:
295
over 3,047 m:
2
2,438 to 3,047 m:
6
1,524 to 2,437 m:
6
914 to 1,523 m:
55
under 914 m:
226 (1999 est.)
Heliports:
59 (1999 est.)