Railways
total: 43,966 km
standard gauge : 43,531 km 1.435-m; 40,355 km are owned by Deutsche Bahn AG (DB); 17,015km of the DB system are electrified and 16,941 km are double- or more-tracked
narrow gauge: 389 km 1.000-m gauge (DB operates 146 km of 1.000-m gauge); 7 km 0.900-mgauge; 39 km 0.750-m gauge
note : in addition to the DB system there are 54 privately-owned industrialor excursion railways, ranging in route length from 2 km to 632 km, with atotal length of 3,465 km (1995)

Highways
total: 639,800 km
paved: 504,800 km (including 11,013 km of expressways)
unpaved : 135,000 km all-weather, graveled (1993 est.)

Waterways western - 5,222 km, of which almost 70% are usable by craft of 1,000-metric-toncapacity or larger; major rivers include the Rhine and Elbe; Kiel Canal isan important connection between the Baltic Sea and North Sea; eastern - 2,319km (1988)

Pipelines crude oil 3,644 km; petroleum products 3,946 km; natural gas 97,564km (1988)

Ports and harbors Berlin, Bonn, Brake, Bremen, Bremerhaven, Cologne, Dresden, Duisburg,Emden, Hamburg, Karlsruhe, Kiel, Lubeck, Magdeburg, Mannheim, Rostock, Stuttgart

Merchant marine
total : 450 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 5,402,437 GRT/6,649,382 DWT
ships by type: cargo 184, chemical tanker 15, combination bulk 3, combination ore/oil1, container 195, liquefied gas tanker 8, multifunction large-load carrier6, oil tanker 12, passenger 4, railcar carrier 2, refrigerated cargo 4, roll-on/roll-offcargo 8, short-sea passenger 8 (1996 est.)
note : includes ships from the former East Germany and West Germany

Airports 613 (1996 est.)

Airports - with paved runways
total : 544
over 3,047 m: 13
2,438 to 3,047 m: 63
1,524 to 2,437 m: 69
914 to 1,523 m: 51
under 914 m: 348 (1996 est.)

Airports - with unpaved runways
total : 69
over 3,047 m: 2
2,438 to 3,047 m: 5
1,524 to 2,437 m: 7
914 to 1,523 m : 55 (1996 est.)

Heliports

NOTE: The information regarding Germany on this page is re-published from the 1997 World Fact Book of the United States Central Intelligence Agency. No claims are made regarding the accuracy of Germany Transportation 1997 information contained here. All suggestions for corrections of any errors about Germany Transportation 1997 should be addressed to the CIA.